Background
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Human Kappa chain is a 25 kDa light chain present on all 5 immunoglobulin’s (IgA,IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE) and is also present in free form. Kappa and Lambda light chains consists of a variable region and a constant region and can be easily be differentiated by the antigenic properties of a constant region. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda chain is 70:30, most of them are bound to heavy chains of immunoglobulin. This antibody is useful in identification of leukemias, plasmasacytomas and certain non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. In normal human serum lambda chains are present 1.6-15.2 mg/ml. In multiple myeloma or B-cell malignancies these levels are increased. Higher amounts are also present in Bence Jones patient’s urine.
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